If there is certainly been a single immutable rule all through American tv history, it's been area news. Just about from The instant the station very first signed on air, they started carrying local news the place sporting activities usually played A serious job. A lack of steady programming sources in these early yrs led many stations to turn to athletics to fill their broadcasting schedules. Big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its very first broadcast was a specialist baseball game ("NBC Background", 2003). When building regional newscasts to accommodate their viewers, these stations typically integrated sports activities and climate. By way of example, in 1961 WKMG started off its to start with full-time news department in Orlando. Newscasts consist of Frank Vaught's sports activities studies ("The historical past of," 2003).
Sports activities have held a dominant place in neighborhood news broadcasting for a number of a long time, but latest market developments have known as into issue this place. Segmented audiences, modifying demographics, and declining news profitability have forced the station to reexamine its local sporting activities phase. “Athletics has become the very last regions of Television in which individuals do things just how they generally have,” claims television executive Elliott Wiser. “(Now) a different technique is needed” (Deggans, 2000).
Problem for Area Tv set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Venture for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 76%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television Information Director’s Association(“Switching channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Tv set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Difficulty for Nearby Television set Sports activities
None of the is Excellent news for the community television sporting activities sector, that's increasingly underneath scrutiny from station execs. In spite of its common existence inside of local newscasts, athletics have long been regarded a "tuning" aspect. As outlined by a survey with the Radio and Television News Administrators Foundation, only 31% of viewers explained they were being 'really fascinated' in sports and 32% have been 'to some degree intrigued' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed desire inside the weather conditions. "Sports are incredibly polarizing." reported television news guide Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, depart, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Scientific tests have shown that Females are significantly less considering athletics than Adult males (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and lots of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the Activity from its early night newscasts. In keeping with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a story when nobody is listening is just not a fantastic usage of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eliminated the sport, while others have decreased their allotted time. With regards to the working day with the 7 days (weekends have extra sports time), sports segments have historically obtained among 3 and five minutes of neighborhood news coverage. Given that range is all the way down to a few moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Minimize enough time for athletics by just 3 plus a fifty percent minutes for three hours of news. Others in the industry have implemented new strategies, which include sporting activities tales that target much more on individuals than scores or cater to a broader information audience. "What we are endeavoring to do now's handle sports activities as information," claims KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We want to do a little something outside of athletics” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Variations in regional sports may very well be a mirrored image from the large upheaval occurring all through broadcast information. In the event the sports sector is no more Secure, How about other news things? CBS Group Information Vice President Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) claimed, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a far more instant stage, modifications during the neighborhood sporting activities sector immediately affect 1000s of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that are minimizing their commitment to sports activities are lowering their sporting activities workforce ranges, which impacts The task sector. Yet another information director said, "[Sports activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two whole-time sportsmen to one total-time, just 스포츠중계 one in charge of the news 3 times each week, and it was a battle to stay there.”
Similarly vital, modifications in the best way athletics are introduced are forcing sporting activities broadcasters to find out new strategies. No more can sportscasters deal with scoring. They have to produce the presentation additional partaking for normal fans. This really is also crucial for journalism educational institutions across the nation, which really need to doc what stations want during the sports sector and update their training curricula.
Will these modifications perform or persist? Sports activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented within the adjust in KDKA, “Allow’s reserve ultimate judgment right up until September, if the Steelers, higher education, and highschool football seasons commence in earnest. Then the station will likely be . There is certainly an error in clock administration.”